Tuesday, 30 October 2018

The Cultural Hatred must be stopped

Islamophobia andAnti-Semitism: An Event at ICC
Any movement against any race or
any nation must be addressed and stopped

Dr. Mozammel Haque

“Any movement against any race or any nation in the world is really something which must be stopped and must be addressed and we should not really be quite about it. In Europe, unfortunately recently, we see there is really a rise of Right-wing. You know, in all Europe; in many countries. We are really so worried; all Muslim communities, not only Muslims, but also many people, Jewish community are also worried, and other people are so worried about it; is this going to continue?” Dr. Ahmad Al-Dubayan, Director General of The Islamic Cultural Centre and London Central Mosque said at an event on Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism, organised by Home Office in cooperation with Islamic Cultural Centre, London, on Thursday, 18 October, 2018, at the Library Conference Hall of the Centre.

The event was chaired by Mr. David Chapot. The event was addressed by Dr. Ahmad al-Dubayan, Director General of the Islamic Cultural Centre and London Central Mosque; Rabbi Herschel Gluck, OBE, President of Shomrin and the Founder of Muslim-Jewish Forum and Aysha Esakji from Counter-Terrorism, Home Office.  The event was started with the recitation from the verses of the Holy Qur’an by Sheikh Lutfur Rahman Kazi, an Imam from the London Central Mosque.

David Chapot
David Chapot, as the chair of the event, first of all spoke about the similarities of the two faiths, Judaism and Islam. He said, “Both faiths emphasize on the Oneness of God which is considered in Islam as Shahadah or the First pillar of Islam has been the One God and then in Judaism it is Shima which is the Building Blocks of Judaism which is again the invocation of the One God.”

After speaking about the belief, Chapot talked about their practice. He said, “We are also talking about the two which in many ways worships through prayer, prostration, through fasting, pilgrimage and all the way through to dietary.”

He said the things that struck him not only the similarities but also the in terms of some of the challenges that these two communities face.  “Fortunately both the Muslim community and the Jewish community have the history of understanding of what it is to be victims of hatred and targeted by act of hatred,” said Chapot and mentioned, “very worrying point is 40% rise in religiously motivated hate crime; 52 % of these are directed towards Muslims and then anti-Semitic act are the second largest group those.”

Chapot then mentioned about an act of terrorism. He said, “Act of terrorism is also part of the worrying picture.” He mentioned the “terrorist attacks committed by Darren Osborne at Finsbury Park is an example the Muslim community is directly targeted; equally if you read about the recent arrest of members of groups of Nazis’ actions. This again is a clear reminder of the threat Neo-Nazism continues it today.”

Hate is serious and important topic of the time which deserves attention. The Hate toward the Muslim community is an important topic. Chapot said, “We will actually to discuss how we can tackle this together; obviously this can happen through a number of different initiatives, through reporting; community initiative; education; but hopefully by the end of tonight we will all must have greater idea what is currently happening and what more all we can possibly done.”

Chapot introduced the first speaker, Dr. Ahmad al-Dubayan as the Director General of the Islamic Cultural Centre and London Central Mosque since 2001. “In this role, he introduces several remarkable initiatives, many of which focus on interfaith works and fostering on and understanding between the faiths and if it is not enough Dr. Dubayan also serves as trustees to several UK charities,” said Chapot.

Dr. Ahmad al-Dubayan
Dr. Ahmad al-Dubayan, Director-General of the Islamic Cultural Centre, London and Regent’s Park London Central Mosque addressed the gathering and spoke on Islamophobia. He started with Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahe wa Barakatuh.

Small Global Village
Speaking on Islamophobia, Dr. al-Dubayan first of all explained how the modern world turns into a small global village and how modern technology brings them together. “In this modern time when the entire world comes closer to each other; countries come closer to each other politically, economically, technologically, now the modern technology also brings them together. We are not now in a world of like before, i.e. anybody can live isolated, or live by alone from other people, from other countries, or other communities, or other societies,” he said and added, “You have to live within the world. When we think about this as a principle; we expect from this world which is going to be a small village is to have more chances to know each other; have more chances to have knowledge about each other; and Islamophobia or Anti-Semitism they are really against this directly.”

Equality of Mankind
Dr. al-Dubayan traced the background of Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism. “Islamophobia is one of the phenomenons that we are having in these days. Of course, it is not totally new; it started long time ago; some centuries ago, but actually in the modern time, in the last thirty years we see it now more and more. There are, of course, many reasons for this. I do not want to discuss that too much.”

Dr. al-Dubayan then talked about equality of mankind and how Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism are against that very principle. “Allah Subhanahu wa Taala created you in races, nations, so that you can know each other; not of course to fight each other, not to hate each other. And one of the main things in Islam very clearly said in the Qur’an and in the Hadith, the Traditions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), i.e. people are equal; there is no superiority or inferiority for anybody either he is white or black, Arab or not Arab.”

Dr. al-Dubayan explained how Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism go against this fundamental principle. He said this principle of equality is very clear in Islam, in the Holy Qur’an and in the Traditions of the Prophet (peace be upon him). “We believe this is the message of all religions revealed to Mankind. We are all equal in humanity; we are all the same. We see this Islamophobia or Anti-Semitism is really against this. It is one of the phenomenons we should really as communities to stand together against and really try to clarify this and try to fight it by all means and by all possibilities,” he said.

History of Anti-Semitism
Dr. al-Dubayan mentioned hatred is the basis of this Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism. He said, “Anti-Semitism started in the 19th century; it was something like Islamophobia today. Anti-Semitism was the hatred for the Jewish people in Europe at that time. That time actually nobody stood against it clearly and did not use all the possibilities and possible means during those days till that led to what we know about it, of course, in the thirties and the forties when the holocaust happened.  This is going exactly what we have fears. That is going to lead to the same result of Islamophobia if actually in Europe we leave it as it is and we don’t fight it; or we don’t try all the possibilities possible solutions to stand against that.”

“If people of the world had stood against anti-Semitism in the 19th century or in the early 20th century, we would not have seen actually the result that we had seen during thirties or forties. I am sure about that. Many people ignored it or neglected it or supported it even,” said Dr. al-Dubayan and added, “I think the future of Europe and the whole world really is in danger if we, or if the world really remains silence against all these movements against certain people in the world, either sectarianism or Islamophobia, or anti-Semitism.”

“Any movement actually against any race or any nation in the world is really something which must be stopped and must be addressed and we should not really be quite about it. In Europe, unfortunately recently, we see there is really a rise of Right-wing. You know, in all Europe; in many countries; and we are really so worried; all Muslim communities, not only Muslims, but also many people, Jewish community are also worried, and other people are so worried about it; what is going to happen after this; is this going to continue?” Dr. Al-Dubayan raised the question.

Misunderstanding and Misinterpretation about Islam
The ICC chief mentioned the reasons for this happening. It is misunderstanding and misinterpretation particularly about Islam. Dr. al-Dubayan said, “There are, of course, many reasons for this; most of them are economical reasons; sometimes misunderstanding; and we as Muslims suffer a lot from this misunderstanding and misinterpretation particularly about Islam in the media and this misunderstanding and this narratives really in the media which supports this misunderstanding of Islam worrying us too much. I think this disserve also all the interfaith and dialogue works we are doing in this organisation.”

Role of Faith leaders
Speaking about the role faith leaders can play, Dr. al-Dubayan mentioned, “There are many leaders in all the communities; Muslim community, Jewish community, Christian, Hindu, Sikhs and others. Many of them are really leaders in dialogue and they are always trying to open more spaces for understanding and for knowledge about others. But these people who support this Islamophobia feeling around us, they are killing the chances more and more.”


Talking about the facts and figures of the rise of Islamophobia, Dr. al-Dubayan said, “Really shocking that number; we know 40% the hatred crime really increase since 2017. This shows us actually the situation in the society and at the same time this shows us how big the responsibility we have all against this; especially the authorities, especially the security authorities.”

Build a Common Culture among all the
Communities – suggested Dr. Dubayan
Under this present situation, Dr. al-Dubayan has suggested some of the things which should be done to bring peace and tranguillity within the society. First of all, he suggested to build a common culture among all the communities about Islamophobia and anti-Semitism. He suggested, “We really need to build like a common culture among all the communities about Islamophobia and  anti-Semitism, about any kind of hatred targeting anybody, not only Muslims or Jews, but anybody, any kind of hatred. This cultural hatred must be stopped. History could be a very good teacher if we really learn from it; but history could be also a big and crazy monster if we try to bring the history as it is and live within the history itself. This is very dangerous. And I don’t need to refer to some countries in the world what is happening there; because of something happened a long time ago, a history sometimes a killer if we don’t understand.”

“So building a common culture and awareness in all the communities about this thing; we have to show really the face of the faiths; faiths must speak up and must be talked about it. Every faith leaders must educate his community through the organisation about this phenomenon about themselves; Islamophobia, anti-Semitism; this must be addressed by Imams, by Rabbis, by Priest, by also Monks and by everybody,” said Dr. al-Dubayan.

Internet and new initiatives
The ICC chief then talked about internet and new initiatives. He said, “We need also to clarify this misunderstanding about Islam itself; we are doing a lot, but this is not enough. Now there is also the internet. Internet is a school which is available; it can teach something good and can teach something bad. So how to encounter this? How we can stand against that or clarify all situations? How we really can reach these people who spread hatred and targeting people? We really need to think about that; we need to have initiatives.”

Youth must be addressed and
Home Office has big responsibilities
Dr. al-Dubayan also suggested about the youth, the young children. He said, “I think it is very important we target young children, the youth. The youth must be addressed. They must learn something. Some people really teach the youth course how to hate others; and how they think they see somebody from that faith; this must be tackled; we must address that policy.”

“Home Office also have big responsibility about fighting against that by all means and by all possibilities. This must be stopped one way or another. And I think that we too to do it about more awareness and more knowledge about other people and continuing this communication; giving more chance for faith leaders really to talk; may be more than politicians. Politicians sometimes make things big difficult; faith leaders sometimes; sometimes I am saying, make it really easier than better,” mentioned Dr. al-Dubayan.


Tolerant voices must be welcomed
Dr. al-Dubayan also suggested welcoming the tolerant voices. He said, “These tolerant voices must be raised and must be welcomed. This is actually the model we have to follow; we have to raise it and we have to always highlight among the society, and especially targeting the fresh mind, the youth mind. They are really the future. So we have to build for the future from now. Very very important.”

Spread the Message of Tolerance
Dr. al-Dubayan then talked about the message of tolerance. “If we don’t convey the message of tolerance from community to community; from each community to another community, I think we are going to fail. When we fail then there is really something very dangerous for all the societies and for all of us; because we are all standing on one boat and hatred does not know borders. When you allow for it; it will go actually destroying and I think the history and in the present time there are lot of examples and all of you know this example. We don’t want to happen again, either in the UK or anywhere else.”

Rabbi Herschel Gluck
The next speaker was Rabbi Herschel Gluck, President of Shomrin, Founder of the Muslim-Jewish Forum, who started with praising Dr. al-Dubayan as a “true champion who is trying his very best to build bridges and to work with other communities to make London a truly cosmopolitan city, a city where we do not live not only side by side but also engage with each other. Many years ago I said the Jews and Muslims are so similar that we even hate each other the same way.”

Rabbi Gluck also mentioned, “When Jews and Muslims have a very narrow relationship that leads often to conflict and misunderstanding but when we get to know each other better and when we deepen our knowledge of each other that leads to a constructive engagement between our communities.”

Rabbi Gluck, President of Shomrin, then mentioned about the murder of Lee Rigby the soldier who was murdered by terrorist in south-east London. Rabbi said, “The EDL organised a number of marches and attacks on Muslim institutions and mosques. My organisation, Shomrin, arranged special petrol of Jewish people along with Muslim institutions to protect them; to make sure that they will not be attacked.”

Rabbi Gluck also mentioned about caring for each other. He said, “We care for the other because we feel if we don’t care for the other, we will be the next victim of that wild animal of fascism, of racial hatred is going to devolve us. That is the more sophisticated, a more profound idea for caring for the other and that is the God created us all and we are all special. All has some special to give to the world and to the society.”


Rabbi Gluck also mentioned, “God has created us in His image.” Rabbi does not believe in the idiom that the stronger will survive and the weaker disappears into history. He said, “As believers we know that we exist not because we are the strongest; we exist because God created us and He created us in His image. Like He is Merciful and Kind, so we also have to be merciful and kind. And that is the secret of survival.”

Rabbi Gluck also mentioned the secret of survival is to be charitable, to help others. He said, “The secret of survival is to be charitable; to help others; to make the world the better place; to make the world the kinder place; to make the world more peaceful place. We live in a society where people are scared of others. We come into the UK; we all most Jews children, grandchildren and great grandchildren, were refugees and both Muslims are either refugees or people who came here as economic migrants; because then British needed workers in the textile mills in Lancashire, in Yorkshire looking for work; looking to help this country as bus drivers, as shop owners, as business people; but when we come to this country people are scared.”

Rabbi Gluck also said, “We exist because God created us in His image; He did not create us in the image of one another; He created us in the image of God. Therefore, every single human being whether he or she might be, whatever their background be, whatever their skin colour is, whatever they think, we all are created in the image of God; and our existence is to thanks to Him who created us each other. All are in His image. And therefore, when we look at the other; we are not looking as someone different, we are looking as someone is the same; because we all are created in God’s image and therefore, we look at the other we are looking at ourselves. Because we all truly a part of God.”

Aysha Esakji from Counter-Terrorism, Home Office
Aysha Esakji, OBE, working as part of Hounslow and Fulham Chelsea Council for over 10 years now. She has been playing a variety of crucial and difficult roles ranging from hate crime and community engagement. Aysha spoke more about hate crime and community awareness

She talked about her experienced of ten years of being a hate crime coordinator and she mentioned there are many many reasons why people don’t reported. “Today I am going to focus on why we should report the hate crime. We actually want to know what the hate crime is. Why it should be reported,” she demonstrated.


Tuesday, 23 October 2018

Dr. Ahmad al-Dubayan on Islamophobia

Dr. Ahmad Al-Dubayan on Islamophobia
At an Event on Islamophobia & Anti-Semitism

Dr. Mozammel Haque



An event on Islamophobia & Anti-Semitism, organised by Home Office in cooperation with Islamic Cultural Centre, London, on Thursday, 18 October, 2018, at the Library Conference Hall of the Centre. The event was chaired by Mr. David Chapot.

Dr. Ahmad al-Dubayan, Director-General of the Islamic Cultural Centre, London & Regent’s Park London Central Mosque addressed the gathering and spoke on Islamophobia. He started with Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahe wa Barakatuh and mentioned, “This is the way how Muslims greet each other; of course I know all of you or at least in this Mosque you know Salam, it means peace, which is in Hebrew Slaoum. Peace be upon all of you; actually we wish peace will be with you all the time. First of all thank you very much for organising this event here today at the Islamic Cultural Centre. We are so happy to have it here today; thank you to all of you; who come here today.”

Speaking on Islamophobia, Dr. al-Dubayan first of all explained how the modern world turns into a small global village and how modern technology brings them together, “Indeed the subject today Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism is really something very very important. I believe something really, in this time now, in this modern time when the entire world comes closer to each other; countries come closer to each other politically, economically, technologically, now the modern technology also brings them together. We are not now in a world of like before, i.e. anybody can live isolated, or live by alone from other people, from other countries, or other communities, or other societies. You can not today; you have to live within the world so what was said during the 50s that the world is going to be a small village; it’s now happening today. When we think about this as a principle; that means, of course, we expect from this world which is going to be a small village is to have more chances to know each other; have more chances to have knowledge about each other; and Islamophobia or Anti-Semitism they are really against this directly.”

Equality of Mankind
Dr. al-Dubayan while going into the subject of Islamophobia, he traced the background of Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism. He said, “Islamophobia is one of the phenomenons that is we are attending or we are having in these days. Of course, it is not totally new; it started long time ago; some centuries ago, but actually in the modern time, in the last thirty years we see it now more and more. There are, of course, many reasons for this. I do not want to discuss that too much. But we want really in this world what we want exactly as Muslims at least and I am sure others are like us. What we have here in the Qur’an translation read by Sheikh Kazi when he read these verses from the Qur’an which is saying; Allah Subhanahu wa Taala created you in races, nations, so that you can know each other; not of course to fight each other, not to hate each other. And one of the main things in Islam very clearly said in the Qur’an and in the Hadith, the Traditions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), i.e. people are equal; there is no superiority or inferiority for anybody either he is white or black, Arab or not Arab.”

While quoting the Qur’an and the Hadith on the equality of human being, Dr. al-Dubayan explained how Islamophobia and Anti-Semitism go against this fundamental principle. He said first: “This is very clear in Islam; very clear in the Qur’an and very clear in the Traditions of the Prophet (peace be upon him); and we believe also this is the message of all religions revealed to Mankind. It is not possible that is to have God who can speak to some people and leave others; who can have some people as private and leave the others He does not speak to them. We are all equal to humanity; we are all the same.”

“We see this Islamophobia or Anti-Semitism is really against this; is against them. It is one of the phenomenons now we should really as communities to stand together against and really try to clarify this and try to fight it by all means and by all possibilities,” he said.

History of Anti-Semitism
Going back to the history of Anti-Semitism, Dr. al-Dubayan mentioned hatred is the basis of this. He said, “Let me recall something; call something from history; anti-Semitism what we call it the Jewish question. It started in the nineteenth century; it was something like Islamophobia today. Anti-Semitism, the hatred for the Jewish people in Europe at that time. That time actually nobody stood against it clearly and using all the possibilities and possible means during those days till that led to what we know about it, of course, in the thirties and the forties when the holocaust happened.  This is going exactly we have fears that is going to lead to the same result of Islamophobia if actually in Europe we stand and we leave it as it is and we don’t fight it; or we don’t try all the possibilities possible solutions to stand against that.”

“If people of the world had stood against anti-Semitism in the nineteenth century or in the early twentieth century, we would not have seen actually the result that we had seen during thirties or forties. I am sure about that. Many people ignored it or neglected it or supported it even. Some thinkers even supported in those days for many reasons; now we saw what that led to. I think the future of Europe and the whole world really is in danger if we, or if the world really remains silence against all these movements against certain people in the world, either sectarianism or Islamophobia, or anti-Semitism. Any movement actually against any race or any nation in the world is really something must be stopped and must be addressed and we should not really be quite about it. In Europe recently and unfortunately recently we see there is a rise, really the rise of Right-wing, you know, in all Europe; in many countries; and we are really so worried; all Muslim communities, not only Muslims, but also many people, Jewish community are also worried, and other people are so worried about it; what is going to happen after this; is this going to continue?” Dr. Al-Dubayan raised the question.

Misunderstanding and Misinterpretation about Islam
The ICC chief mentioned the reasons for this happening. It is misunderstanding and misinterpretation particularly about Islam. Dr. al-Dubayan said, “There are, of course, many reasons for this; most of them are economical reasons; sometimes misunderstanding; and we as Muslims suffer a lot from this misunderstanding and misinterpretation particularly about Islam in the media and this misunderstanding and this narratives really in the media which supports this misunderstanding of Islam worrying us too much. I think this disserve also all the interfaith and dialogue works we are doing in this organisation.”

Role of Faith leaders
Speaking about the role faith leaders can play, Dr. al-Dubayan mentioned, “There are many leaders in all the communities; Muslim community, Jewish community, Christian, Hindu, Sikhs and others. They are many of them really leaders in dialogue and they are always trying to open more spaces for understanding and for knowledge about others. But these people who support this Islamophobia feeling around us, they are killing the chances more and more.”

Talking about the facts and figures of the rise of Islamophobia, Dr. al-Dubayan said, “Really shocking that number; we know 40% the hatred crime really increase since 2017. This shows us actually the situation in the society and at the same time this shows us how big the responsibility we have all against this; especially of course the authorities, especially the security authorities, or authority for securities, there are lots of things that could be done.”

Build a Common Culture among all the
Communities – suggested Dr. Dubayan
Under this present situation, Dr. al-Dubayan suggested to build a common culture among all the communities about Islamophobia and anti-Semitism. He suggested, “I believe I can refer to some of them; one of the things we really have to do we really need to build like a common culture among all the communities about Islamophobia and  anti-Semitism, about any kind of hatred targeting anybody, not only Muslims or Jews, but anybody, any kind of hatred. This cultural hatred must be stopped. And this actually retrieving history; history could be a very good teacher if we really learn from it; but history could be also a big and crazy monster if we try to bring the history as it is and live within the history itself. This is very dangerous. And I don’t need to refer to some countries in the world what is happening there; because of something happened a long time ago, a history sometimes a killer if we don’t understand.”

“So building a common culture and awareness in all the communities about this thing; we have to show really the face of the faiths; faiths must speak up and must be talked about it. Every faith leaders must educate his community through the organisation about this phenomenon about themselves; Islamophobia, anti-Semitism; this must be addressed by Imams, by Rabbis, by Priest, by also Monks and by everybody,” said Dr. al-Dubayan.

Internet and new initiatives
The ICC chief said, “We need also to clarify this misunderstanding about Islam itself; we are doing a lot, but this is not enough. Now there also the internet; internet is a school which is available but can teach something good and can teach something bad. So how to encounter this; how we can stand against that or clarify all situations; how we really can reach these people who spread hatred and targeting people. Then we really need to think about that; we need to have initiatives.”

Youth must be addressed and
Home Office has big responsibilities
Dr. al-Dubayan also suggested about the youth, the young children. He said, “I think it is very important we target young children, the youth. The youth must be addressed. They must learn something. Some people really teach the youth course how to hate others; and how they think they see somebody from that faith this must be tackled; we must address that policy.”

“Home Office also have big responsibility about fighting against that by all means and by all possibilities. This must be stopped one way or another. And I think that we too to do it about more awareness and more knowledge about other people and continuing this communication; giving more chance for faith leaders really to talk; may be more than politicians. Politicians sometimes make things big difficult; faith leaders sometimes; sometimes I am saying, make it really easier than better,” mentioned Dr. al-Dubayan.

Tolerant voices must be welcomed
Dr. al-Dubayan also suggested welcoming the tolerant voices. He said, “These tolerant voices must be raised and must be welcomed. This is actually the model we have to follow; we have to raise it and we have to always highlight among the society, and especially targeting the fresh mind, the youth mind, they are really the future; so we have to build for the future from now. Very very important.”

Spread the Message of Tolerance
While concluding his speech and welcoming all speakers, friends, ladies and gentlemen, Dr. al-Dubayan again mentioned, “I think it is a very important issue; and if we don’t convey the message; this message of tolerance from community to community; from each community to another community, I think we are going to fail. When we fail then there is really something very dangerous for all the societies and for all of us because we are all standing on one boat and hatred does not know borders. When you allow for it will go actually destroying and I think the history and in the present time there are lot of examples and all of you know this example. We don’t want to happen again, either in the UK or anywhere else.”


Sunday, 7 October 2018

Joseph in the Bible, in the Qur'an and Mann

Joseph in the Bible, in the Qur’an
and Mann: A Lecture

Dr. Mozammel Haque

A Lecture on, Joseph in Bible, Qur’an & Mann by Dr. Ahmed Malabari, Assistant Professor, School of Cultures, Languages and Area Studies, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom, was organised by the Islamic Cultural Centre, London, on Sunday, 7th of October, 2018, at its Library Conference Hall.

The lecture was mainly about Prophet Yusuf (Prophet Joseph) peace be upon him as he was mentioned in the Bible as well as in The Qur’an. Dr. Malabari made a comparative study of the subject from a different perspective.

First of all, Dr. Malabari mentioned first how Prophet Joseph (peace be upon him) was mentioned in the Bible as well as in the Qur’an side by side in a Table: (Table– 1)

In the following Table (Table 2), Dr. Malabari again mentioned Chapter 3 of the Bible and the Surah 12 of the Qur’an side by side.

In the following Table (Table 3) Dr. Malabari showed the Biblical Structure side by side the Qur’anic Structure.
After the lecture, there was a lively Questions & Answers (Q & A) session where many Islamic scholars, well-known personalities and academicians participated in the discussion, placed their points of view, commented and made observations on the subject.

In conclusion, Dr. Ahmad al-Dubayan, Director General of the Islamic Cultural Centre & Regent’s Park Central London Mosque, in his closing remarks, explained briefly on some of the comments, observations and point of views raised from the floor and also added his own scholarly commentary and rejoinder on the lecture. 

Tuesday, 2 October 2018

Background of the Hijri Calendar

Beginning of the Hijri Calendar: Background

Dr. Mozammel Haque

Seven years exactly after the death of the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam started the Hijri calendar. We are now in 1440 Hijri which means Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam moved from Makkah to Madinah 1440 years ago. Hijrah means migration in Arabic. The Hijri calendar follows the moon; it is the lunar calendar. It is not the solar like the Gregorian calendar following the Sun. Hijri calendar follows the movement of the Moon itself. Whenever there is a new Moon starts, then a new month starts according to the Hijri calendar.

 Hijri Calendar: Background
Dr. Ahmad al-Dubayan the Director General of the Islamic Cultural Centre & The Regents Park Central London Mosque, has delivered a lecture on the occasion of the beginning of Muharram on Saturday, 15 September 2018 as well as to the Muslim community at the Islamic Circle on Saturday 22 September 2018. He was dealing both the importance of the month of Muharram, fasting during Ashoorah and the beginning of the Hijri calendar. I have already written about the importance and significance of the month of Muharram as well as about the fasting on the day of Ashoorah. And I promised in my last writing that I will inshaAllah deal with the beginning of Hijrah caldendar in my next issue.

Speaking about the beginning of Hijri calendar, Dr. al-Dubayan enquired first, how this Islamic calendar starts. And immediately answered, “The Islamic calendar did not start during the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam and did not start during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr Siddique RA. But they started during the days of Umar bin Khattab, the second Caliph. During his time actually it is the real beginning of the administration of Islamic state, more than the days of the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam, more than the days of Abu Bakr Siddique. The days of the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam was the time for the foundation; the call of Islam; then Abu Bakr Siddique’s time was very short; to be six months about.”

How did this happen? Dr. al-Dubayan said, “During the days of Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam there was no date; no calendar during the days of Abu Bakr Siddique RA also. During the Caliphate of Umar bin Khattab RA we all know I think Umar bin Khattab is the first one who expanded the Muslim state. He was the first one who faced all these problems of management, problem of financial states of the whole Muslim state, the Muslim Ummah and that’s why he puts order for the army’s, he orders for Zakah, he orders for the money of those people who cannot work; those people who are disabled, or whatever they have monthly payment from the Baitul Maal, present day equal to Ministry of Finance. That was all happened during the days of Umar bin Khattab because during his days he had lot of problems.”

Hijri calendar started during second
Caliph Umar bin Khattab RA
Speaking about the background of the beginning of Hijri calendar, Dr. al-Dubayan mentioned, “Umar bin Khattab was the second Caliph. The state expanded everywhere and they had new problems; they faced for the first time some problems and that’s why actually it was needed to have started a system for the regulation of the country or for the state which was very big at that time. From that time the regulation started. Many of the things were made during the days of Umar bin Khattab. One of the things is the Hijri calendar.”

“Umar bin Khattab one day received a letter from Basra, Iraq and there was no date in it; they talked about something happened or going to happen in Shabaan. Shabaan is the eighth month of the Hijri calendar. When Umar bin Khattab received the letter at that moment he did not know which Shabaan they meant: next one or the other one after or may be the last one. So he wrote back to Iraq saying I don’t know which Shabaan you meant. Caliph Umar bin Khattab called the council of consultation. He used to call every time to ask about the problems, to have always Shura or consultation with the Shahabas to ask their opinions and he put this problem to them,” mentioned Dr. al-Dubayan.

Umar bin Khattab consulted with Shoura
The ICC Director General narrated the story how the Hijri calendar was evolved. He said, “Caliph Umar bin Khattab called the meeting of the Shoura; asked them. He said, now we have some letters we don’t know what exactly they meant with the time.  One of the companions said we should have our calendar. Then Umar bin Khattab asked how this calendar is done by other empires or nations. He asked about the Persians, how they do it? They do it every time whenever there is a new king they started a new calendar. Then when the king died; they started a new calendar with the new king. Then he asked about the Romans, how they did it? Someone told him they started from the birth of Jesus Christ Issa alayhes Salam. Then someone told him the Romans in those days used to have calendar starting from the birth of the Jesus Christ alayhe wa Salam. The Arabs, before the Prophet Muhammad Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam, in the pre-Islamic time, did not have calendar but they used to take events as dates; for example, one year there is disease or epidemic, they started to say that happened before the disease two years or after two years.”

Then Dr. al-Dubayan mentioned how the people of the pre-Islamic days remembered the dates. He said, “We see during the life of the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam. The Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam was born in the year of the elephant. Why? Because that was the first time the people of Makkah saw an elephant, an animal when an army came from Yemen to destroy the Ka’abah at that time; so they saw the elephant. From that moment Arabs started to call that year, the year of elephant. And that year when the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam was born about 570 or 571, according to the Gregorian calendar. Then if there is something happened, they incidentally take that in the calendar.


Hijri calendar started from Hijrah (migration)
Dr. al-Dubayan then mentioned how the Hijrah was taken as the starting point of the Islamic Calendar. He said, “Caliph Umar asked, what would be the year number one in the calendar? Then some companions suggested from the very beginning from the birth of Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam. Other companions suggested from the death of the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam. Then Ali ibn Abu Talib and Abdur Rahman ibn Awf suggested actually lets do the first year of the Hijrah here because Hijrah is the beginning of the Islamic society in Madinah. It is the beginning of the rising glory of Islam. They started the Hijrah. Then Umar said it is better. Hijrah will be the number one. They started from the Hijrah of course. Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam died in 11 Hijri. That time they were in 17 Hijri; they were at that time in the 17 year of the Hijrah. From that day the whole Ummah formed the Hijri calendar started from the first Hijrah when the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam moved from Makkah to Madinah.”

Which month the first month of Hijri calendar
This decision to start the Islamic calendar from Hijrah was taken. When did this happen? It happened during the year 17 Hijrah. The next question came: which month would be the first month of the Hijri calendar. Dr. al-Dubayan mentioned: “Caliph Umar said, we have twelve months which one will be the beginning?  The first one, of course, some people suggested Ramadan; it is better from Ramadan to be the first month of the calendar because Ramadan is the month of syam fasting, the holy month; the month of the Qur’an; so it is better to start the year with it. Another one said no; suggested that to start with Hajj; it is better because Hajj is going to Makkah; it should be the first month of the year.  Then Umar bin Khattab said: no, we will take Muharram the first month of the Hijri calendar; Muharram is the sacred month; the four sacred month of the year; and also it is better when the people finish their Hajj they go home and then the new year starts with when they arrives their home.; why because I wanted the people to do the Hajj the last month; when they moved going out of Makkah the New Year starts; that was the plan of Umar RA.”

“So they agreed that Muharram would be the first month of the Islamic calendar year and of course till Dhul Hijjah which is the 12th month of year. For that moment, they agreed to have the Islamic calendar actually. It was used and still use by many Muslims around the world,” Dr al-Dubayan mentioned.

The ICC chief said, “They put the month of Muharram, this month the beginning of the new calendar and finish with the month of Hajj and now the new calendar started immediately after the Hajj. So Hajj will be the last thing they do; because it is the fifth pillar of Islam. It would be at the end of the year. This is why the companions of the Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam planned for it. And from that moment the calendar for the Muslim Ummah started. Now we are in the year 1440 of the Hijri. So when Prophet Sallalahu Alayhe Wassallam moved from Makkah to Madinah that was 1440 years ago. Now we start 1440 of the Hijri calendar. I hope you can use the Hijri calendar. Of course we can hope all calendars are important.”